Abstract:
This dataset provides supraglacial lake extents as published in the paper by Arthur et al. (2020) entitled "Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica". Please cite this paper if using this data.
This dataset consists of (1) shapefiles of supraglacial lake extents on Shackleton Ice Shelf, in Queen Mary Land, East Antarctica (65 degS; 100 degE) derived from optical satellite imagery (Landsat-1, -4, -5, -7, -8, Sentinel 2) acquired between 1974 and 2020 and (2) rasters of supraglacial lake depths derived from optical satellite imagery (Landsat-1, -4, -5, -7, -8, Sentinel 2) acquired between 2000 and 2020. The datasets presented here were used to analyse the spatial distribution of lakes, lake densities, elevation, slope and ice surface velocity distributions, proximity to exposed bedrock, blue ice and the grounding line, and time series of lake area, depth and volume.
Funding was provided by NERC DTP grant NE/L002590/1 and NERC grant NE/R000824/1.
Keywords:
Antarctica, glaciology, hydrology, ice sheets, supraglacial lakes
Arthur, J., Stokes, C., Jamieson, S., Carr, J., & Leeson, A. (2020). Observations of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica from 1974 to 2020 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/649bbe03-8109-45be-92e5-bcef44a4703a
| Use Constraints: | This data is supplied under Open Government Licence v3.0 http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/. |
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| Creation Date: | 2020-09-08 |
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| Dataset Progress: | Complete |
| Dataset Language: | English |
| ISO Topic Categories: |
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| Parameters: |
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| Personnel: | |
| Name | UK PDC |
| Role(s) | Metadata Author |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Jennifer F Arthur |
| Role(s) | Investigator, Technical Contact |
| Organisation | Durham University |
| Name | Chris R Stokes |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Durham University |
| Name | Stewart S R Jamieson |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Durham University |
| Name | J R Carr |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Newcastle University |
| Name | Amber Leeson |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Lancaster University |
| Parent Dataset: | N/A |
| Reference: | Arthur, J.F, Stokes, C.R., Jamieson, S.S.R, Carr, J.R, Leeson, A.A (2020) Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. doi: 10.5194/tc-2020-101 | |
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| Quality: | We used a minimum size threshold of two pixels, in order to remove very small SGLs likely comprised solely of mixed pixels (i.e. 200 m2 for Sentinel 2, 450 m2 for Landsat 7/8, 1800 m2 for Landsat 4/5, 7200 m2 for Landsat 1), following previous studies (Moussavi et al., 2020; Pope et al., 2016, Stokes et al., 2019). We quantified the uncertainties in our mapping technique by quantitatively comparing SGL areas derived from NDWI with those derived from manual digitisation in four sample areas. The smaller SGLs (<0.01 km2) generated the largest percentage differences, and we found a mean absolute error of 0.007 and a root mean square error of 0.029 between manually-digitised SGL areas and those derived from NDWI. We attribute this to manual digitisation being less conservative at 'diffuse', less well-defined SGL edges. Despite these differences, we found very close agreement between the two methods (R2 = 0.979, p = 0.006). We also quantified the impact of sensor resolution on lake detection and lake extents, and found there is generally a very good agreement between lake areas derived from Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 (Supplementary Fig. 3). We therefore assign a conservative uncertainty of 1% to our total SGL area for each time step, following Stokes et al. (2019). We checked final lake masks against RGB composites and manually removed any false positives, including small bedrock outcrops not included in the bedrock mask and dark crevasses. To further reduce noise and improve the visual clarity of the dataset, we then applied the dissolve function in ArcMap to clean up overlapping pixels and the aggregate tool to combine pixels within a distance of two pixels. A detailed description of the data collection, quality control, processing and analysis, as well as full references, is given in: Arthur, J.F, Stokes, C.R., Jamieson, S.S.R, Carr, J.R, Leeson, A.A (2020) Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. doi: 10.5194/tc-2020-101. |
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| Lineage: | We used the Normalised Difference Water Index adapted for ice (NDWI; Yang and Smith 2013) to classify pixels as 'water' or 'non-water' (i.e. ice, snow, exposed bedrock or ocean) using the red and blue bands. All processing was conducted in Arcmap 10.5. We applied a physically-based radiative transfer model to calculate the water depth of all pixels classified as lake (Pope et al., 2016; Sneed and Hamilton 2007). This method calculates lake water depth (z) using the rate of light attenuation in water, lake bottom albedo, and optically-deep water reflectance (Philpot, 1989). A detailed description of the data collection, quality control, processing and analysis is given in: Arthur, J.F, Stokes, C.R., Jamieson, S.S.R, Carr, J.R, Leeson, A.A (2020) Distribution and seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes on Shackleton Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. doi: 10.5194/tc-2020-101. |
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| Temporal Coverage: | |
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| Start Date | 1974-02-23 |
| End Date | 2020-02-28 |
| Spatial Coverage: | |
| Latitude | |
| Southernmost | -66.8 |
| Northernmost | -65.7 |
| Longitude | |
| Westernmost | 95.6 |
| Easternmost | 102.4 |
| Altitude | |
| Min Altitude | N/A |
| Max Altitude | N/A |
| Depth | |
| Min Depth | N/A |
| Max Depth | N/A |
| Location: | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Detailed Location | Shackleton Ice Shelf |
| Distribution: | |
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| Distribution Media | Online Internet (HTTP) |
| Distribution Size | 30 MB |
| Distribution Format | SHP |
| Fees | N/A |
| Distribution Media | Online Internet (HTTP) |
| Distribution Size | 1.4 GB |
| Distribution Format | TIFF |
| Fees | N/A |
| Data Storage: | The dataset contains GIS shapefiles (.shp) of supraglacial lake extents and rasters (.tif) of lake depths derived from Landsat-7, -8 and Sentinel 2 imagery. It also contains a GIS shapefile of combined lake extents extracted from Landsat-1, -4, -5, -7, -8 and Sentinel-2 imagery acquired between 23/02/1974 and 28/02/2020, used in Figure 2 and 3 of Arthur et al. (2020). FILENAME : FILE FORMAT : FILE SIZE : CONTENTS '20000206_Lakes' : Polygon : 12 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-7 image acquired 06/02/2000. '20040208_Lakes' : Polygon : 194 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-7 image acquired 08/02/2004. '20080127_Lakes' : Polygon : 60 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-7 image acquired 27/01/2008. '20100217_Lakes' : Polygon : 44 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-7 image acquired 17/02/2010. '20100224_Lakes' : Polygon : 72 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-7 image acquired 24/02/2010. '20110204_Lakes' : Polygon : 74 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-7 image acquired 04/02/2011. '20120223_Lakes' : Polygon : 25 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-7 image acquired 23/02/2012. '20131202_Lakes' : Polygon : 129 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 02/12/2013. '20140103_Lakes'' : Polygon : 188 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 03/01/2014. '20141119_Lakes' : Polygon : 7 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 19/11/2014. '20150106_Lakes' : Polygon : 143 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 06/01/2015. '20150207_Lakes' : Polygon : 71 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 07/02/2015. '20150223_Lakes' : Polygon : 10 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 23/02/2015. '20160109_Lakes' : Polygon : 46 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 09/01/2016. '20160125_Lakes' : Polygon : 49 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 25/01/2016. ''20160226_Lakes' : Polygon : 63 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 26/02/2016. '20170127_Lakes' : Polygon : 137 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 27/01/2017. '20170131_Lakes' : Polygon : 373 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 31/01/2017. '20170228_Lakes' : Polygon : 17 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 28/02/2017. '20171229_Lakes' : Polygon : 7 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 29/12/2017. '20180119_Lakes' : Polygon : 771 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 19/01/2018. '20180126_Lakes' : Polygon : 523 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 26/01/2018. '20180208_Lakes' : Polygon : 275 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 08/02/2018. '20180215_Lakes' : Polygon : 6 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 08/02/2018. '20190129_Lakes' : Polygon : 262 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 29/01/2019. '20190218_Lakes' : Polygon : 71 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 18/02/2019. '20190228_Lakes' : Polygon : 55 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 28/02/2019. '20191219_Lakes' : Polygon : 83 KB : Lake extents extracted from Landsat-8 image acquired 19/12/2019. '20200101_Lakes' : Polygon : 570 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 01/01/2020. '20200111_Lakes' : Polygon : 616 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 11/01/2020. ''20200131_Lakes' : Polygon : 516 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 31/01/2020. '20200228_Lakes' : Polygon : 86 KB : Lake extents extracted from Sentinel-2 image acquired 28/02/2020. 'All_Lakes' : Polygon : 24.4 KB : Combined lake extents extracted from Landsat-1, -4, -5, -7, -8 and Sentinel-2 imagery acquired between 23/02/1974 and 28/02/2020, used in Figure 2 and 3 of Arthur et al. (2020). Contains 'Date' and 'Area' attributes. '20000206_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.21 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-7 image acquired 06/02/2000. '20040208_LakesDepths' : Raster : 8.45 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-7 image acquired 08/02/2004. '20080127_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-7 image acquired 27/01/2008. '20100217_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-7 image acquired 17/02/2010. '20100224_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-7 image acquired 24/02/2010. '20110204_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-7 image acquired 24/02/2010. '20120223_LakesDepths' : Raster : 6.40 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-7 image acquired 23/02/2012. '20131202_LakesDepths' : Raster : 7.74 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 02/12/2013. '20140103_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 03/01/2014. '20141119_LakesDepths' : Raster : 514 KB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 19/11/2014. '20150106_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 06/01/2015. '20150207_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 07/02/2015. '20160109_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 09/01/2016. '20160125_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.21 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 25/01/2016. '20160226_LakesDepths' : Raster : 6.33 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 26/02/2016. '20170127_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 27/01/2017. '20170131_LakesDepths' : Raster : 110.22 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 31/01/2017. '20170228_LakesDepths' : Raster : 3.07 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 28/02/2017. ''20171229_LakesDepths' : Raster : 8.74 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 29/12/2017. '20180119_LakesDepths' : Raster : 156.82 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 19/01/2018. '20180126_LakesDepths' : Raster : 166.48 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 26/01/2018. '20180208_LakesDepths' : Raster : 138.38 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 08/02/2018. '20180215_LakesDepths' : Raster : 962 KB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 15/02/2018. '20190129_LakesDepths' : Raster : 104.97 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 29/01/2019. '20190218_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 18/02/2019. '20190228_LakesDepths' : Raster : 107.59 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 28/02/2019. '20191219_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.98 MB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 19/12/2019. '20200101_LakesDepths' : Raster : 159.95 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 01/01/2020. '20200111_LakesDepths' : Raster : 166.48 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 11/01/2020. '20200131_LakesDepths' : Raster : 169.62 MB : Lake depths calculated from Sentinel-2 image acquired 31/01/2020. '20200228_LakesDepths' : Raster : 9.15 KB : Lake depths calculated from Landsat-8 image acquired 28/02/2020. |