Abstract:
Meteorological variables (wind speed, air temperature and wind direction) were collected using two wind towers. Photogrammetric data were collected using a pole-mounted digital camera and DJI Phantom 3 UAV. LiDAR data collected via terrestrial and airborne laser scanning. Fieldwork carried out at Hintereisferner glacier, in the Oetztal Alps region, Tyrol, Austria, from 1-15 August 2018 by Joshua Chambers, Thomas Smith and Mark Smith. Terrestrial laser scan (TLS) data collected by Rudolf Sailer. Airborne laser scan (ALS) data originally from Open Data Austria, see Sailer et al. (2012). One wind tower recorded for the entire study duration, the second was moved to different plots every ~4 days. Photogrammetric data were collected on 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 August. TLS scans were split into upper- and lower-glacier, and completed on 3, 7, 12 and 16 August. Data were used to examine the relations between glacier aerodynamic roughness and sampling resolution, and to develop a correction factor for roughness derived from coarser resolution data.
Fieldwork was funded by an INTERACT Transnational Access grant awarded to Mark Smith under the European Union H2020 Grant Agreement No. 730938. Joshua Chambers is supported by a NERC PhD studentship (NE/L002574/1). Ivana Stiperski was funded by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant T781-N32.
***** PLEASE BE ADVISED TO USE VERSION 2.0 DATA *****
The VERSION 2.0 data set (see 'Related Data Set Metadata' link below) provides corrected glacier aerodynamic roughness calculated using the new model outlined in Chambers et al.
Keywords:
SfM, TLS, aerodynamic roughness, glacier, multi-scale, z0
Chambers, J., Smith, M., Smith, T., Sailer, R., Quincey, D., Carrivick, J., Nicholson, L., Mertes, J., & Stiperski, I. (2020). Meteorological and multi-scale topographic data from survey pole, UAV, TLS and ALS used to analyse glacier aerodynamic roughness on Hintereisferner glacier, Austria, August 2018 - VERSION 1.0 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/4efaefac-b920-465b-90b9-5390d7fbbd26
| Access Constraints: | No restrictions apply. |
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| Use Constraints: | Data supplied under Open Government Licence v3.0 http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/. |
| Creation Date: | 2020-10-27 |
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| Dataset Progress: | Complete |
| Dataset Language: | English |
| ISO Topic Categories: |
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| Parameters: |
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| Personnel: | |
| Name | UK Polar Data Centre |
| Role(s) | Metadata Author |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Joshua Chambers |
| Role(s) | Technical Contact, Investigator |
| Organisation | University of Leeds |
| Name | Mark Smith |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | University of Leeds |
| Name | Thomas Smith |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | University of Leeds |
| Name | Rudolf Sailer |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Universität Innsbruck |
| Name | Duncan Quincey |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | University of Leeds |
| Name | Jonathan Carrivick |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | University of Leeds |
| Name | Lindsey Nicholson |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Universität Innsbruck |
| Name | Jordan Mertes |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Lund University |
| Name | Ivana Stiperski |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Universität Innsbruck |
| Parent Dataset: | N/A |
| Reference: | Fischer, A., Seiser, B., Stocker Waldhuber, M., Mitterer, C. and Abermann, J. (2015) 'Tracing glacier changes in Austria from the Little Ice Age to the present using a lidar-based high-resolution glacier inventory in Austria', Cryosphere, 9(2), pp. 753-766. doi: 10.5194/tc-9-753-2015. Fritzmann, P., Hone, B., Vetter, M., Sailer, R., Stotter, J. and Bollmann, E. (2011) 'Surface classification based on multi-temporal airborne lidar intensity data in high mountain environments a case study from Hintereisferner, Austria', Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 55(SUPPL. 2), pp. 105-126. doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0055S2-0048. Open Data Austria (2020) Austria Digital Elevation Model. Available at: https://www.data.gv.at/katalog/dataset/land-ktn_digitales-gelandemodell-dgm-osterreich (Accessed: 20 August 2020). Sailer, R., Bollmann, E., Hoinkes, S., Rieg, L., Sproß, M. and Stötter, J. (2012) 'Quantification of geomorphodynamics in glaciated and recently deglaciated terrain based on airborne laser scanning data', Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 94(1), pp. 17-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00456.x. University of Innsbruck (2020a) Permanent Terrestrial Laserscanner 'Im hinteren Eis'. Available at: https://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/projects/i_he/ (Accessed: 20 August 2020). University of Innsbruck (2020b) Remotely sensed data. Available at: https://www.uibk.ac.at/projects/station-hintereis-opal-data/remotely-sensed-data/ (Accessed: 20 August 2020). |
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| Quality: | Wind speed is ±0.05 m s-1 Wind direction is ±1 % Temperature is ±0.1 °C GPS accuracy <1 cm Photogrammetric 3D root mean square (RMS) error was ±0.03 m and RMS re-projection error was 1.66 pixels (2.6 µm) NoData values used either NaN in Matlab or -32767 as is convention in ArcMap. |
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| Lineage: | Instruments were placed at five levels on each tower (~0.3, 0.65, 1.22, 1.79 and 2.32 m above the surface, remeasured at each visit). For each, we used five NRG 40 cup anemometers, one NRG 200P wind vane and five shielded and passively-ventilated Extech RHT10 temperature and humidity loggers. Data were recorded on Campbell CR1000s with a 12 V battery stored at the base of each tower. Wind tower data were processed in MS Excel and then MATLAB. For photogrammetric surveys, camera specifications and survey area geometry were used to calculate the footprint of each image, which determined the distance between images required to achieve 60-80% overlap, and the number of images needed for the survey area. Images were predominantly nadir and followed a regular grid pattern, with an additional ~10% of images taken obliquely (< 20° off nadir). All survey plots were marked out using a regular grid of ground control points (GCPs), the locations of which were recorded using a Leica GS10 differential GPS, with a sub-centimetre mean accuracy for each plot. Data were processed using Agisoft Photoscan Professional Edition Version 1.4.0. Dense point clouds were imported into CloudCompare 2.10 for manual cleaning, and digital elevation models were created using linear interpolation with nearest non-empty neighbours, ensuring a regular grid shape with the top of the grid aligned with the direction of flow (roughly South-North). A permanent in-situ Riegl VZ-6000 TLS was used to survey the majority of the glacier ablation zone using a near-infrared wavelength (1050 nm) suited to snow and ice surfaces (University of Innsbruck, 2020a). The TLS is housed in a climate-controlled container near the summit of "im Hinteren Eis" (46.79586° N, 10.78277° E, 3244 m a.s.l.). The point acquisition rate was approx. 23,000 points per second. Horizontal and vertical spatial resolution was ~0.17 m at 1000 m range, giving a theoretical density of 10 points per m2 mid-glacier, and 2 points per m2 at the head of the accumulation zone and near the terminus (University of Innsbruck, 2020b). Regional (gridded) elevation data were acquired for the entire Austrian Alps at 10 m pixel-1 resolution (Open Data Austria, 2020). This regional product was created by interpolation of 2.5 m ALS data obtained during flights over the Ötztal Alps, Tyrol, from 2006-2012 (Fritzmann et al., 2011; Sailer et al., 2012; Fischer et al., 2015). ALTM 3100 and Gemini ALS sensors were used in the Tyrol area, with an average density of 0.25 points m-1. TLS and ALS data were processed in CloudCompare 2.10. |
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| Temporal Coverage: | |
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| Start Date | 2006-08-01 |
| End Date | 2012-10-31 |
| Start Date | 2018-08-01 |
| End Date | 2018-08-15 |
| Spatial Coverage: | |
| Latitude | |
| Southernmost | 46.8 |
| Northernmost | 46.8 |
| Longitude | |
| Westernmost | 10.77 |
| Easternmost | 10.77 |
| Altitude | |
| Min Altitude | 2507 masl |
| Max Altitude | 3739 masl |
| Depth | |
| Min Depth | N/A |
| Max Depth | N/A |
| Latitude | |
| Southernmost | 46.7 |
| Northernmost | 46.9 |
| Longitude | |
| Westernmost | 10.69 |
| Easternmost | 11.08 |
| Altitude | |
| Min Altitude | 2239 masl |
| Max Altitude | 3756 masl |
| Depth | |
| Min Depth | N/A |
| Max Depth | N/A |
| Location: | |
| Location | Europe |
| Detailed Location | Hintereisferner, Ötztal Alps, Tyrol, Austria |
| Sensor(s): |
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| Data Collection: | Instrumentation NRG #40 cup anemometers NRG 200P wind vane Extech RHT10 temperature and humidity loggers Campbell CR1000 data loggers Leica GS10 differential GPS DJI Phantom 3 Olympus OMD EM-10 camera Riegl VZ-6000 Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) ALTM 3100 and Gemini Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) sensors Software Agisoft PhotoScan Professional Edition (version 1.4.0) CloudCompare 2.10 ArcGIS ArcMap 10.6 Matlab R2019b Resolution Small plots: DEMs at resolutions of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 m pixel-1 Large/UAV plot surveys: 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 m pixel-1 Glacier-scale TLS/ALS: 5, 10, 20 and 30 m pixel-1 |
| Distribution: | |
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| Distribution Media | Online Internet (HTTP) |
| Distribution Size | 4.1 MB |
| Distribution Format | ASCII |
| Fees | N/A |
| Distribution Media | Online Internet (HTTP) |
| Distribution Size | 70 MB |
| Distribution Format | TIFF |
| Fees | N/A |
| Data Storage: | Dataset comprises 20 .csv files and 4 .tiff files. |