Abstract:
This dataset comprises raster model outputs from a Bayesian additive regression tree model predicting habitable area for snow algae on the Antarctic Peninsula. The dataset shows the likelihood that snow is habitable for snow algae growth and is presented for red snow algae (RSA) and green snow algae (GSA) for 2021 climatic conditions as well as for predicted 2100 climate conditions under the RCP8.5 warming scenario. The purpose of this model was to predict the potential coverage of snow algae under different temperatures, as well as to explore the climatic and environmental factors influencing their distribution.
This work was carried out by researchers as part of the NERC-funded research project NE/V000764/1 investigating the historical, present and future snow algae distribution in Antarctica.
Keywords:
Antarctic peninsula, biogeography, extreme weather, snow algae, species distribution model
Gray, A., Davey, M., Thomson, A., Colesie, C., Convey, P., Fretwell, P., & Peck, L. (2024). Habitable area model output for green and red snow algae on the Antarctic peninsula with current and future climatic conditions, 2021 and 2100 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/3c636579-0389-4ba1-bf3d-d53f32892079
| Access Constraints: | There are no access constraints on this dataset. |
|---|---|
| Use Constraints: | This data is governed by the NERC data policy http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/sites/data/policy/ and supplied under Open Government Licence v.3 http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/. |
| Creation Date: | 2024-02-22 |
|---|---|
| Dataset Progress: | Complete |
| Dataset Language: | English |
| ISO Topic Categories: |
|
| Parameters: |
|
| Personnel: | |
| Name | UK Polar Data Centre |
| Role(s) | Metadata Author |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Dr Andrew Gray |
| Role(s) | Technical Contact, Investigator |
| Organisation | The University of Edinburgh School of GeoSciences |
| Name | Dr Matt Davey |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Scottish Association for Marine Science, Plant Sciences |
| Name | Alex I Thomson |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | Scottish Association for Marine Science, Plant Sciences |
| Name | Dr Claudia Colesie |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | The University of Edinburgh School of GeoSciences |
| Name | Dr Peter Convey |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Dr Peter T Fretwell |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Name | Prof Lloyd S Peck |
| Role(s) | Investigator |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Parent Dataset: | N/A |
| Reference: | BirdLife International, 2023. BirdLife Data Zone [WWW Document]. URL http://datazone.birdlife.org/home Burton-Johnson, A., Black, M., Fretwell, P.T., Kaluza-Gilbert, J., 2016. An automated methodology for differentiating rock from snow, clouds and sea in Antarctica from Landsat 8 imagery: a new rock outcrop map and area estimation for the entire Antarctic continent. The Cryosphere 10, 1665-1677. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1665-2016 Davey, M., Thomson, A., Thomas, N., Gray, A., Smith, A., Colesie, C., Walshaw, C., Fretwell, P., Peck, L., Moulton, H., & Convey, P. (2025). Locations, descriptors, cell observations and model output for snow algae samples, Robert Island, South shetland islands, 2023 (Version 1.0) [Data set]. NERC EDS UK Polar Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/afd8a811-6e5e-4441-a409-0e6924c36fc4 Fretwell, P.T. and Trathan, P.N., 2021, Discovery of new colonies by Sentinel2 reveals good and bad news for emperor penguins. Remote Sens Ecol Conserv, 7: 139-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.176 IPCC (2008) Towards new scenarios for analysis of emissions, climate change, impacts, and response strategies. IPCC Expert Meeting Report on New Scenarios, Noordwijkerhout, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change expert-meeting-ts-scenarios-1-1.pdf (ipcc.ch) Gerrish, L., Fretwell, P., & Cooper, P., 2020. High resolution vector polygons of the Antarctic coastline - VERSION 7.2 (Version 7.2) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/065b9abc-1b5a-4fc6-aa57-9052428aa6ca Harris, C., Lorenz, Fishpool, Lascelles, B., Cooper, Coria, Croxall, J., Emmerson, L., Fijn, R., Fraser, W., Jouventin, LaRue, M., Le Maho, Y., Lynch, Naveen, Patterson-Fraser, Peter, H.-U., Poncet, Phillips, R., Woehler, E., 2015. Important Bird Areas in Antarctica 2015. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1554.2884 Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R.J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., Thépaut, J., 2020. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 146, 1999-2049. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803 Humphries, G.R.W., Naveen, R., Schwaller, M., Che-Castaldo, C., McDowall, P., Schrimpf, M., Lynch, H.J., 2017. Mapping Application for Penguin Populations and Projected Dynamics (MAPPPD): Data and tools for dynamic management and decision support. Polar Record 53, 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247417000055 LaRue, M., Salas, L., Nur, N., Ainley, D., Stammerjohn, S., Pennycook, J., Dozier, M., Saints, J., Stamatiou, K., Barrington, L., Rotella, J., 2021. Insights from the first global population estimate of Weddell seals in Antarctica. Science Advances 7. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abh3674 Lee, J.R., Raymond, B., Bracegirdle, T.J., Chadès, I., Fuller, R.A., Shaw, J.D., Terauds, A., 2017. Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic ice-free habitat. Nature 547, 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22996 Lopez, A., 2016. CMIP5 daily data on single levels. https://doi.org/10.24381/CDS.D3513DBF Matsuoka, K., Skoglund, A., Roth, G., De Pomereu, J., Griffiths, H., Headland, R., Herried, B., Katsumata, K., Le Brocq, A., Licht, K., Morgan, F., Neff, P., Ritz, C., Scheinert, M., Tamura, T., Van De Putte, A., Van Den Broeke, M., Von Deschwanden, A., Deschamps-Berger, C., Van Liefferinge, B., Tronstad, S., Melvær, Y., 2018. Quantarctica. https://doi.org/10.21334/NPOLAR.2018.8516E961 Schwaller, M.R., Lynch, H.J., Tarroux, A., Prehn, B., 2018. A continent-wide search for Antarctic petrel breeding sites with satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 210, 444-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.071 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Quality: | 95 percent confidence interval data are included within the supplied .nc file. Model confidence and remote sensing uncertainty are presented and discussed in the companion paper. NetCDF file complies with CF conventions. |
|
| Lineage/Methodology: | Data is the posterior output of a Bayesian additive regression tree model using remotely sensed snow algal observations as training data, with slope, aspect, distance from the coast, distance from an animal colony, surface type, snow melt and season length predictor variables. Remote imagery was accessed from WorldView 2 (Maxar Technology). Presence and absence observations of green snow algae and red snow algae blooms were derived from six locations on the Antarctic peninsula (Robert Island, Nelson Island, Trinity Island, Melchior Island, Neumayer Channel and Ryder Bay) with six summer growth seasons (2013, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023). Snow algae were identified following methods in Gray et al. (2021), where algae were identified using chlorophyll-a pigments. To distinguish green snow algae from red, an adapted red-green normalised difference (RGND) index was used (please see Engstorm et al. 2022 for original red-green RGND). Outputs show modelled probability of occurrence using actual climate conditions in 2021 and projected climate conditions in 2100, The model resolution is 100m for both scenarios. Please see the companion paper (Modelling Antarctic Peninsula snow algal habitat distribution through extreme temperature events and projected climate change) for further details on methods. Data for the model was prepared in GDAL (version 3.4.3), SAGA (v8.5.1) and RStudio (version 2022.02.03). Modelling was preformed in RStudio (version 2022.02.03). |
|
| Temporal Coverage: | |
|---|---|
| Start Date | 2020-11-01 |
| End Date | 2021-01-21 |
| Start Date | 2100-11-01 |
| End Date | 2101-01-21 |
| Spatial Coverage: | |
| Latitude | |
| Southernmost | -64.52356 |
| Northernmost | -63.37907 |
| Longitude | |
| Westernmost | -86.42888 |
| Easternmost | -36.07761 |
| Altitude | |
| Min Altitude | N/A |
| Max Altitude | N/A |
| Depth | |
| Min Depth | N/A |
| Max Depth | N/A |
| Data Resolution: | |
| Latitude Resolution | N/A |
| Longitude Resolution | N/A |
| Horizontal Resolution Range | N/A |
| Vertical Resolution | 100m |
| Vertical Resolution Range | N/A |
| Temporal Resolution | N/A |
| Temporal Resolution Range | N/A |
| Location: | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Detailed Location | Antarctic Peninsula |
| Data Collection: | Variables used in the training dataset are listed below along with their reference: Aspect: 8m (training) or 100m (Peninsula-scale posterior analysis) Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) Slope: 8m (training) or 100m (Peninsula-scale posterior analysis) REMA Cumulative snow melt: ECMWF, ERA5 dataset (Hersbach et al. 2020) for 2021 and CMIP5 daily data RCP 8.5 for 2100 (Lopez 2015) Days of snow melt: Glacier SMBM output (8m resolution) Surface type: Rock outcrop shapefile for 2021 (Quantarctica) and Modelled ice-free area under RCP 8.5 for 2100 (Lee et al. 2018) Distance to coastline: Quantarctica (Gerrish et al. 2020) Distance to colonies: MAPPPD (Humphires et al. 2018), Important Bird Areas (BirdLife Data Zone), emperor penguins (Fretwell and Trathan 2020), Matsuoka et al 2018 (emperor penguins), petrel breeding sites (Schwaller et al. 2018), Weddell seal populations (LaRue et al. 2021) 2021 rock outcrop/soil: Landsat 8 (Burton-Johnson et al. 2016) 2100 ice free areas: Lee et al. 2017 Physical observations: Davey et al. 2025 Data for the model was prepared in GDAL (version 3.4.3), SAGA (v8.5.1) and RStudio (version 2022.02.03). Modelling was preformed in RStudio (version 2022.02.03). |
|---|
| Distribution: | |
|---|---|
| Distribution Media | N/A |
| Distribution Size | 5.54 GB |
| Distribution Format | netCDF |
| Fees | N/A |
| Data Storage: | 1x .nc file |